前言

考研英语的大纲要求：

要求根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词左右的英语说明文或议论文。
提供的场景的形式一般为图表。共15分。

往年图表形式分析

年份	图表形式	主题
2010	柱状图	发展中国家和发达国家手机用户量增长情况对比
2011	柱状图	国内汽车市场部分品牌份额变化
2012	表格	某公司不同年龄人群的工作满意度调查
2013	柱状图	大学生兼职比例逐年级递增
2014	柱状图	20年间城市人口与农村人口的变化
2015	饼状图	居民春节期间花销比例情况
2016	饼状图	高校学生旅行目的调查
2017	折线图	博物馆数量和参观人数的变化
2018	饼状图	顾客就餐时的考虑因素
2019	柱状图	高校本科毕业生的去向变化

柱状图： Bar Chart
表格： Table
饼状图： Pie Chart
折线图： Line Chart

结论：

主要考察数据图表；
既有动态的数据变化图（柱状图、折线图）
又有静态的比例分配图（饼状图、表格）
话题聚焦生活场景与校园生活。

范文

动态图

以2010年的英语作文为例：

Directions:
In the section,you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing,you should

) interpret the chart and

) give your comments.
You should write at least 150 words.

分为三段写，因此

第一段：

In the light of bar chart above,it is evident that the period between 2000 and 2008 has witnessed dramatic changes in mobile-phone subscriptions.While the number of cellphone subscriptions in developed countries rose slightly from about 0.6 billion to 1 billion,that in developing countries rocketed up from around 0.5 billion to 4 billion.What’s more,the statistics of developing countries exceeded that of its rival for the first time in 2003,and then rocketed up since 2005.

知识点提示：
描写比较数据的句式一般为：
while 句 1（相对不重要的部分），句 2（重点放在后面讲）

句 1：具体类别（主语）+ 变化趋势（谓语） + from …… to …… .

同义词：

大约：
about 、 nearly 、 around 、 roughly 、 some（后面加数字为大约的意思）、 approximately

超过：
exceeded 、 pass 、 surpass

短语：

witnessed dramatic changes in
在 …… 方面发生了巨大变化

rose slightly
上升缓慢（rose是rise的过去式）

rocketed up
像火箭般上升

第二段：

In effect,there are a host of accessible reasons,I reckon,that gave rise to this remarkable phenomenon.First and foremost,with the rapid advance of economy,those in developing countries became better off and attained increasingly greater purchasing power,which explains the sharp rise of the smart-phone subscriptions there. An equally critical factor is the significant improvement of technology, which ensured the mass production of cellphones and affordable prices,promoting the phone industry in developing countries to boom and flourish.

第三段：

Basing on the analysis above,we may safely conclude that economy and technology are two contributing factors for the thriving of phone subscriptions. Therefore,it is highly suggested that we strive to promote economy and technology in order to push forward mobile-phone industry.

静态图

以2015年的英语作文为例：

Directions:
In the section,you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing,you should

) interpret the chart and

) give your comments.
You should write at least 150 words.

分为三段写，因此

第一段：

In the light of the pie chart above,there are dramatic differences in the proportions of spending of Chinese citizens during the Spring Festival.While the expenses on transportation,taking dinner parties and others account for 20% respectively,that on purchasing New Year's gifts makes up 40%,which equals twice of each of the former three.

第二段：

In effect,there are a host of accessible reasons,I reckon,that gave rise to the remarkable phenomenon.First and foremost,it is a well-known fact that Chinese place a high value on interpersonal relationship,constantly visiting and partying with relatives,friends as well as colleagues,which explains the huge expenses on gift-giving and dinner parties. Besides,during the Spring Festival,the most important holiday in China,nearly all those working far away from parents and children return home to reunite with their families,spending large sums of money on traffic fees.

短语：

party with somebody
与某人聚会

第三段：

Basing on the analysis above,we may conclude that with the continuous advance in economy and society,this established trend will continue for quite a while in the future.And it is worth noting that while viewing this consuming mode with respect,we should also cultivate an atmosphere of reasonable consumption.

图表描述词汇、词组及句型常用表达

基本要素

类型：

table, chart, diagram/graph, column chart, pie graph

描述：

show, describe, illustrate, reveal, represent, can be seen from, clear, apparent

内容：

figure, statistic, number, percentage, proportion

表示数据变化的单词或者词组 –动词

(1) 起伏、波动

rise and fall, fluctuate, wave, undulate, rebound, recover

(2) 高、低点值

peak, reach a (high) peak/point，reach the bottom, reach a low point

(3) 增加、上升、提高

increase, grow, rise, climb, expand, ascend, skyrocket, soar

(4) 减少、下降

decrease, decline, fall, drop, descend, diminish, slide, shrink, collapse

形容词或副词

(1)变化巨大

迅速的，飞快的， rapid / rapidly

戏剧性的，生动的　dramatic / dramatically

有意义的，重大的 significant / significantly

锐利的，明显的 sharp / sharply

急剧升降的 steep / steeply

(2)变化平缓

稳固的，坚定不移的　steady / steadily

渐进的，逐渐的 gradual / gradually

缓慢的，不活跃的　slow / slowly

轻微的、略微地 slight / slightly

稳定的 stable / stably

英语图表写作套句推荐

图表的总体描述

The table shows the changes in the number of……over the period from……to……
The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……
As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in……/ the two curves show the fluctuation of……
From the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that……or it is clear/apparent from the chart that……
This is a graph which illustrates……
The graph, …presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in……
This is a column chart showing……

时间段表达方式

over the period from…to…the…remained level.
in the year between……and……　
in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998……
from then on/from this time onwards……

数据变化表达方式

表示上升趋势的句型：

the number sharply went up to……
the figures peaked at……in（month/year）
the situation reached a peak（a high point at） of[%].
a increased by……　
a increased to……
there is an upward trend in the number of……
a considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to……
……（year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in……

表示下降趋势的句型：

the figures/situation bottomed out in……
the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
from……to……the rate of decrease slow down.
from this year on，there was a gradual decline/ reduction in the……，reaching a figure of……

表示平稳趋势的句型：

the number of……remained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）.
the percentage of…stayed the same between…and……
the percentage remained steady at……

表示比较的句型：

the percentage of…is slightly larger/smaller than that of
there is not a great deal of difference between……and……
…decreased year by year while……increased steadily.
there are a lot similarities/differences between……and……
a has something in common with b
the difference between a and b lies in……

表示倍数的句型：

the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of……
a is ……times as much/many as b.

例句

社科类（网络、科技、旅游等）

网恋 cyber romance

With the development of internet , cyber romance has gradually become increasingly popular among people .

随着网络的发展，网恋在人们中逐渐流行起来。

网购 online shopping

Online shopping has revolutionized the consumer experience .

网购已经使消费者的购物体验发生了革命性的变化。

团购 group buying

Not everyone thinks group-buying and shopping online is the best way to save money .

并非所有的人都认为团购和网上购物是省钱的最佳途径。

秒杀 sec-kill

网店 online shop/store

To give our customers a greater choice , we keep updating our range of products on our online shop regularly .

网上商店的货品亦会定期更新，为我们的顾客提供新鲜感。

Whether you’re working on a portfolio website , online store or Web app , making your pages easy and enjoyable for your visitors to use is key .

无论你是在做一个作品集网站、网上商店还是网络应用，让你的页面对用户来说可以容易和快乐的使用是一个关键。

信誉 credit

Credit is the life-blood of the consumer society .

信誉是消费界的生命线。

退款 refund

Ask for a refund if the goods are faulty .

商品如有缺陷，可要求退款。

科学技术 science and technology

Science and technology have made major changes to the way we live .

科技极大地改变了我们的生活方式。

电脑犯罪 computer crime

Sabotage is also an increasingly common type of computer crime .

蓄意破坏也是日益增加的普遍的电脑犯罪。

电子商务 e-commerce

The first law of e-commerce is that if users cannot find the product , they cannot buy it either .

电子商务的第一法则是，如果用户不能找到商品，他们就不会购买它。

虚拟生活 virtual life

Most players live out virtual life with more than one character , as if they are trying out various facets of their persona .

另外，绝大多数的玩家都会在他们的虚拟生活中扮演多个角色，就好象他们要去尝试其人格中的多种面貌一样。

信息时代 information era

Along with the coming of information era , cellphone has become necessary consumer goods .

随着信息时代的到来，手机已成为人们离不开的消费品。

网上冲浪 surf the Internet

But keeping in mind that the netbook is primarily used to surf the Internet , those dangers are possibly multiplied many-fold , especially if there is no anti-virus software installed in the machine .

尤其需要提高警惕的是，上网本的主要用途是网上冲浪，因此其遭遇危险的可能性加倍，尤其是如果上网本没有安装反病毒软件的话。

电子书 electronic book

The electronic book is a new type of book which is developing rapidly , and its appearance is a challenge to the mode of traditional knowledge propagation and copyright protection .

电子书是近年来快速发展的新型图书形式，它的出现对传统的著作权及其保护方式提出了尖锐的挑战。

网拍麻豆 net model

浏览器购物 monitor shopping

橱窗购物 window shopping

Almost every shop is full of special offers and bargains , which can make it hard to just go window shopping .

几乎每家商店都有特价，打折活动，这使得要做到光看不买的去逛商店变得太难了。

网络书评 internet book review

His paper takes internet book review as an example to analyse present situation of library and give several suggestions for library’s internet book review .

文章以网络书评服务为例，分析了目前图书馆网络书评工作的现状，提出了加强图书馆网络书评服务工作的几点建议。

网上纠纷 online dispute

With the rapid development of electronic commerce , more and more online disputes appear . Because the characteristic of online dispute , network becomes the best choice .

电子商务的飞速发展使得以其为基础的网上纠纷也越来越多，网上纠纷的特殊性使得其通过特殊的方式即网络来解决成为首选。

恶性骚扰 malicious harassment

Malicious harassment as the development of the telecommunications industry has become intensified , result in serious harm to society .

恶意短信骚扰随着电信行业的发展变得愈演愈烈，给社会带来严重的危害。

品质保证 quality guarantee

Good management of classroom discipline problems is to develop the teaching job premise , harmonious classroom environment is to improve the classroom teaching quality guarantee .

管理好课堂纪律问题是开展教学工作的前提，和谐的课堂环境是提高课堂教学质量的保证。

教育类（就业率、毕业生工资、留学人数等）

培养 cultivate

We must cultivate their ability to analyze and solve problems .

我们必须培养他们分析问题，解决问题的能力。

课余的 extracurricular

A great many American campuses and communities have organized special extracurricular activities for students from other countries .

许多美国校园和社团都为来自其他国家的学生组织了特别的课外活动。

填鸭式 duck-stuffing

Simultaneously , the great pressure of college entrance examination and “ duck-stuffing “ teaching cause the loss of senior students’ happiness in learning English .

同时，巨大的升学压力和“填鸭式”课堂教学，造成高中学生英语学习幸福感的缺失。

文凭热 diploma craze

教学改革 educational reform

As college educational reform goes further and further , the disadvantaged groups in college were paid extensive attention .

随着高校教育改革的不断深入，高校中弱势群体得到了社会的广泛关注。

学术的 academic

Students’ interests are mostly limited to the academic realm .

学生们的兴趣大多限于学术领域。

创新学习 innovative learning

The evaluation of students innovative learning behaviors is an important link and effective means of guiding students innovative learning .

学生创新学习行为评价是创新学习指导的一个重要环节和有效手段。

高等教育 higher education

We improved the overall quality of higher education , and enhanced the innovation capacity of colleges and universities .

全面提高高等教育质量和水平，增强高校创新能力。

考研热 the craze for graduate school

贫困学生 poverty-stricken students

In recent years , the succor of poverty-stricken college students has become a hot issue , which has attracted great concern of the society .

贫困生救助问题是近几年广受社会关注的热点问题。

全体教员 faculty

For the faculty , there exists the triad of responsibilities : teaching , research , and service .

教员要承担三重责任：教学、研究与服务。

深造 further one’s study

In 2002 he was awarded the Hong Kong Jockey Club Dance Scholarship to further his study at the National Conservatoire of Music and Dance in Paris .

在校期间，黎氏曾获取多项奖学金，2002年考获香港赛马会舞蹈基金，远赴巴黎国家音乐及舞蹈学院深造。

素质教育 quality education

The essence of quality education is an educational ideology , a philosophy of education .

素质教育是我国教育方针精神实质的一种教育思想，一种教育理念。

培养能力 foster abilities

The tasks of prose teaching are to acquire knowledge , foster abilities , edify sentiment and irradiate the mind .

散文教学的任务是获取知识，培养能力，陶冶情操，启迪心智。

品学兼优 be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar

满足社会的急需 meet the urgent need of the society

努力获得精神文明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress

经济类

经济 economy

The economy is expanding , notching up high growth rates .

经济在发展，实现了高增长率。

繁荣 boom

An economic boom followed , especially in housing and construction .

接着出现了经济繁荣，尤其是在房地产业和建筑业。

零售 retail

Unemployment is rising again and retail buying has fallen off .

失业率再次上升，零售品购买量下降。

促销 promote sales

Despite the short-term cost burden , the development of the economy will promote sales , bringing more opportunities to enterprises .

虽然对企业有短期成本压力，但经济持续发展，市场销售增加能给企业带来更多机会。

管理 management

Scientific management promotes production .

科学管理推动了生产。

金融 finance , commerce/commercial

Reform in finance , taxation , banking , distribution , housing , government institutions and other areas has continued to deepen .

财税、金融、流通、住房和政府机构等改革继续深化。

Region economy and Commerce collectivize are one of fundamental trends that current world economy grows .

区域经济和贸易集团化是当今世界经济发展的重要趋势之一。

Universities are turning from academic to commercial sponsorship .

各大学正从学术赞助转而寻求商业赞助。

经济全球化 economic globalization

The world is moving further toward multi-polarization and economic globalization .

世界多极化和经济全球化趋势进一步发展。

可持续发展 sustainable development

Sustainable development of circular economy is an inevitable choice .

循环经济是可持续发展的必然选择。

不正当竞争 unfair competition

No functionary may support or cover up unfair competition acts .

国家官员不得支持、包庇不正当竞争行为。

假冒伪劣产品 fake and inferior product

In my opinion , several strong measures should be adopted to deal with fake and inferior products .

依我看，必须采取若干有力措施来对付假冒伪劣产品。

打假 crack down on fake commodities

We should unswervingly crack down on illegal activities such as manufacturing and marketing fake commodities , tax evasion and smuggling .

坚持不懈地打击制售假冒伪劣产品、偷税、走私等违法犯罪活动。

购买力 purchasing power

Inflation reduces the purchasing power of people living on fixed incomes .

靠固定收入生活的人其购买力因通货膨胀而下降。

激烈竞争 fierce competition

It has thus indirectly promoted fierce competition in international banking .

因此，这间接促进了国际银行市场的激烈竞争。

售后服务 after-sale service

Complaint is piling up about the after-sale service .

人们对售后服务抱怨日益增多。

生计问题 bread-and-butter issue

He doesn’t just write for fun ; writing is his bread and butter .

他写作并不只是为了乐趣，那是他的谋生方式。

企业形象 enterprise image

According to the reasons of the enterprise crisis , this essay argues how to prevent the enterprise crisis , how to deal with it and how to restore the enterprise image after the crisis .

文章针对企业危机产生的原因，就如何进行企业危机预防、企业危机发生后如何处理、危机结束后如何恢复企业形象等问题进行了论述。

信用危机 credit crisis

The credit crisis has produced an avalanche of problems and also of explanations .

信贷危机带来了成堆的问题，也带来了各种解释。

稳定物价 stabilize prices

The chief issue of stabilizing the economy is how to stabilize prices .

稳定经济的首要问题是稳定物价。

品牌效应 brand effect

There has been a growing awareness among company owners in the importance of brand effect .

企业家越来越意识到品牌效应的重要性。

流行的消遣方式 popular pastime

Blowing cyberkisses has become a popular pastime in emerging markets too .

网上恋爱也成为新兴市场中的流行消遣。

管理类

资本 capital

Land , labor and capital are all productive of wealth .

土地、劳动和资本都能创造财富。

债券 bond

The eight-year bond will bear annual interest of 10.5% .

这种8年期的债券年利率为10.5%。

预算 budget

This budget will have a net expansionary effect on the economy .

本预算对经济的发展最终会有促进作用。

没收 confiscate

The copyright administrative authorities may confiscate their illegal income or impose a fine on them .

由著作权行政管理部门给予没收非法所得、罚款等行政处分。

拨款 appropriate

The legislature appropriated funds for the university .

立法机关拨款作为大学经费。

公司 corporation

It takes brains to administer upon a large corporation .

管理一家大公司需要智慧。

贸易顺差 active trade balance

We also have faced a serious problem of active trade balance which has lasted for 14 years began from year 1994 and is presenting an enlarging trend recently .

自1994年以来，我国已经保持了14年的贸易顺差，并且呈现出不断扩大的态势。

贸易逆差 adverse trade balance

The total trade volume in imports and exports of mineral products reached US$160 billion in 2003 in China with the adverse trade balance growing .

伴随着贸易逆差的不断扩大，2003年中国进出口矿产品贸易总额达1600亿美元。

审计员、查帐员 auditor

The audit report has been used to influence the auditor’s legal liability .

审计报告对审计人员的法律责任同样会产生重要影响。

资产负债表 balance sheet

Cash is listed first in the balance sheet , because it is the most liquid of all current assets .

在所有的资产中，现金最具有流动性，因此，它作为流动资产的第一项列示于资产负债表上。

便宜货 bargain

Sometimes I like hunting a bargain at Taobao.com .

有时候我喜欢在淘宝网上淘便宜货。

董事会 hoard of directors

The Board of Directors has approved the decision unanimously .

董事会成员一致批准了该项决定。

盈亏表 bottom line

These small promotions were costly and they did nothing to increase his bottom line .

这些小规模的促销活动成本很高，而且对增加他的最终效益没什么贡献。

生意兴隆 brisk

Rices are stable and the market is brisk .

物价稳定，市场繁荣。

泡沫经济 bubble economy

Bubble economy usually starts with false prosperity and ends in a breakout of crises .

泡沫经济通常以虚假繁荣开始，以危机爆发告终。

商业重组 business restructuring

With the globalization of market competition , enterprises must adapt to changing demand and continuous changes in personality , and provide fast and efficient software support for enterprise business restructuring and development to improve collaboration efficiency and its competitiveness .

随着市场竞争的全球化，企业必须适应千变万化的个性需求和持续的变革，并对企业业务的重组和发展提供快速高效的软件支持，以提高协同工作效率和自身竞争力。

货物清单 cargo manifest

Arriving cargo should be reconciled against information on the cargo manifest .

被装运后将要离岸的货物应该与货物单的信息相符。

商品展销会 commodities fair

The Chinese export commodities fair offers an opportunity to meet many current friends in one place for business discussion , and to meet new friends that will open new business relationships .

中国出口商品交易会提供了一个机会，让我们在一个地方会见很多老朋友，商洽业务；又可遇见新朋友，开创新的贸易关系。

to be continued…